Watch for Hidden Hazards: Preventing foreign material risks in cattle

Foreign materials and toxins can easily find their way into everyday cattle operations, often without being noticed.

Items like wire, nails, baler twine, net wrap or contaminated feed may seem minor, but if consumed by cattle, they can lead to serious health issues, reduced performance and, in some cases, death.

One of the most well-known risks is hardware disease.

This occurs when cattle consume sharp metal objects such as nails or pieces of wire. These objects can settle in the reticulum and irritate or even puncture the stomach lining, leading to infection and significant health complications.

Producers are encouraged to stay alert to potential sources of foreign material and take steps to reduce risk wherever possible.

Signs of hardware disease

Cattle affected by hardware disease may show a range of symptoms, including:

• Depression or dullness
• General discomfort, such as teeth grinding or grunting
• An arched back
• Reduced appetite or going off feed
• Brisket swelling
• Loss of body condition

These signs can vary in severity, but early detection is important to prevent further complications.

Reducing risk on farm

Preventing foreign material hazards starts with everyday management practices. Regularly checking feeding areas, equipment and pastures for debris can help reduce the chance of cattle ingesting harmful materials.

Paying attention to feed quality and storage is also key, as contamination can occur during harvesting, handling or transport. Removing visible hazards and maintaining clean feeding environments can go a long way in protecting herd health.

Taking a proactive approach helps minimize risk and supports overall animal well-being and productivity.

This information is adapted from a longer article available on the Beef Cattle Research Council website.